Parkinsons disease or paralysis agitans is a neurodegenerative disorder of CNS. It is basically a motor system disorder. Primary Parkinson is caused by an accumulation of protein called synuclein which forms accumulation of protein deposits known as Lewy bodies.Secondary Parkinson is due to some other neurological disorders or with a loss of chemical messenger called dopamine producing brain cells in the substantia nigra.
In the study of mice it has been seen that by injecting synthetic misfolded α-synuclein into the brain cells, the Lewy body appeared. The disease will further spread neurons to neurons in the brain region & cause Parkinsons related symptoms, including deterioration of movement coordination, grip strength and body balance.
Single gene defect in the ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS) can be a candidate for the neural apoptosis. Basically UPS is responsible for intracellular proteolysis. Molecular defect in the UPS leads to the abnormal clumps of α-synuclein with others proteins which causes Lewy Body formation.
Some genes are responsible for PD which are α-synuclein (SNCA), PRKN, PARK, DJ-1 LRRK-2, PINK etc. Recent finding says that Parkinsons disease genes is somehow related with Mitochondrial homeostatis.
At present, there is no cure for Parkinsons disorder, but a variety of medication has been given to patients as one of these is levodopa mixed with carbidopa. The progression of the Parkinson’s disease could be stop by a possibility that if an antibody binds to the misfolded α-synuclein which help in intercepting the protein as it passes between neurons.
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